{"id":1440,"date":"2018-04-05T15:26:05","date_gmt":"2018-04-05T13:26:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/?p=1440"},"modified":"2023-10-18T12:31:18","modified_gmt":"2023-10-18T10:31:18","slug":"want-coffee-break","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/2018\/04\/05\/want-coffee-break\/","title":{"rendered":"Do you want to have a coffee break?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>10:00am, it\u2019s time for coffee break. You might have listen this sentence in the middle of your morning course or perhaps in between your afternoon course.<\/strong> <strong>You might have thought that having a coffee in your break would prevent you from falling asleep or maybe would increase your concentration.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>That is actually true and hence we could think that coffee gives you a positive effect on your daily life. However, are you taking into account that you are also having a coffee in the morning just before taking your bike? and maybe also another one before going to the gym?. Have you ever fancy two cups of coffee instead of one in your coffee break?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/02\/tt-4.jpg\" width=\"759\" height=\"568\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong><em>What is coffee?<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Coffee is the second leading worldwide beverage after water (Butt &amp; Sultan). Indeed, coffee is actually one of the most popular beverages in the world and the main reason for this; together with its aroma and taste, is its stimulating effects on your central nervous system (Nieber). Its trade exceeds US $10 billion worldwide (Butt &amp; Sultan). Approximately 90% of the adult population reports regular caffeine use, being 227 mg the average daily intake (Frary, Johnson, &amp; Wang). Adolescents and children have increased their caffeine use in a 70% in the past 30 years (Temple).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/02\/coffee2r.jpg\" width=\"747\" height=\"579\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Before you can actually hold your cup of coffee, coffee beans have to be grown, harvested and processed. This processing includes both a dry and a wet processing step followed by milling, roasting and grinding. Through roasting of coffee, chlorogenic acids are decomposed triggering the generation of Maillard reaction products (Vignoli, Viegas, Bassoli, &amp; Benassi). These products include melanoids and other high and low molecular mass compounds which possess antioxidant activities (Vignoli et al.). The roasting process introduces also a variety of coffee melanoidins in a condensed way (42-62 mmol\/100 g) and also in ester-linked way (1.1-1.6 mmol\/100 g) (Pilipczuk, Kusznierewicz, Zieli\u0144ska, &amp; Bartoszek).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/02\/coffee3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1441\" src=\"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/02\/coffee3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"645\" height=\"383\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong><em>Is coffee good for me?<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>This widely consumed beverage contains more than 800 volatile compounds, being caffeine and chlorogenic acids (CAs) the most common ones (Nieber). The main bioactive components found in coffee together with chlorogenic acids which are detected by HPLC-DAD-MS are caffeoyl-, feruloyl- and dicaffeoylquinic acids. A few years ago, coffee was seen as a pharmacology beverage and that lead to many negative opinions. However, coffee might prevent several chronic diseases as type 2 diabetes mellitus and liver disease (Nieber). There is even evidence that decaffeinated coffee might, in some extent, have similar benefits as normal coffee, implying that other components different that caffeine may contribute to health promotion (Nieber).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/02\/coffee4r.jpg\" width=\"373\" height=\"276\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>However, among all the bioactive compounds present in coffee beverages, the most well-known is caffeine.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Caffeine is one of the most important psychoactive alkaloids in this beverage. This compound has been proven to improve your psychomotor performance, improves memory and cognitive (Corley et al.; Hodgson, Randell, &amp; Jeukendrup). Indeed, human studies proved that high levels of caffeine in blood (above 1.2\u00a0mg\/L) prevented the progression of mild cognitive impairment to <strong>dementia<\/strong> (Cao et al.). Moreover, caffeine might also prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease which is an hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (one of the causes of primary <strong>liver disease<\/strong>) (Birerdinc, Stepanova, Pawloski, &amp; Younossi). In addition, caffeine is nowadays not seen only as a stimulant but it might be recognized as an <strong>anticarcinogenic<\/strong> agent (based on large prospective study linking caffeine consumption with decreased skin cancer risk) (Hashibe et al.).<\/p>\n<p>Coffee consumption has been demonstrated to lead to disease prevention or health promotion (Pilipczuk et al.). Coffee consumption has been proven to improve liver function, combat neurological (infant hyperactivity, Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s\u00a0 diseases,) and metabolic disorders (liver cirrhosis, gallstones, diabetes) or psychoactive responses like mood changes or alertness (Dorea).<\/p>\n<h2><strong><em>Does coffee have health risks?<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Coffee drinking has been suggested to\u00a0increase heart failure risk, however this issue was contradicted by epidemiological studies in 2012 and hence firm conclusions can\u2019t be made. Most prospective cohort studies have not found coffee consumption to be associated with a significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk.<\/p>\n<p>Excessive consumption of coffee can be harmful due to an excessive caffeine intake. High concentrations of caffeine in blood increase blood pressure and could lead to nausea or heart diseases (Cano-Marquina, Tarin, &amp; Cano). This is the reason why coffee is not recommended for pregnant women, patients with cardiovascular conditions or children. many molecules that are present in this black decoction exert anticancer properties.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to be aware that caffeine becomes lethal at very high doses (150\u2013200\u00a0mg\/kg) (Gaascht, Dicato, &amp; Diederich) which corresponds to 11.25\u201315\u00a0g for a 75\u00a0kg adult. But this means that 8 L of coffee (125-mL cups of brewed coffee having a concentration of 1.39\u00a0mg of caffeine\/mL) would have to be drunk!!. Overall, most studies have shown that an average consumption of 4 to 6 cups of coffee per day (750\u00a0mL of coffee), is enough to slow the progression of different types of cancer (Acevedo et al.) and prevent carcinogenesis. In addition, the consumption of 750\u00a0mL of black coffee per day has been proven maintain DNA integrity and decrease the expression of genes involved in inflammation processes (IL-6, Nrf2, PPAR\u03b1 and PPAR\u03b3) (Bakuradze et al.).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/02\/coffee5r.jpg\" width=\"368\" height=\"490\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The key is the midpoint.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>For adults consuming moderate amounts of coffee (3\u200a-\u200a4 cups\/d providing 300\u200a-\u200a400\u2009mg\/d of caffeine), there is little evidence of health risks and some evidence of health benefits. From the above mentioned properties, coffee stands out as a dietary source of free radical scavengers and antioxidants, specially caffeic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids. It is estimated that coffee contribute to a 65\u00a0% of the daily intake of antioxidants in our human diet, more than tea or wine or even fruits or vegetables!! Moreover, coffee it\u2019s a nice excuse to spend time with your friend and family and I am more than sure the time I spent with my mom drinking coffee made a bigger impact on my health that the caffeine itself.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Y desde luego se que cada minuto que comparti con mi madre bebiendo caf\u00e9 me hizo mas feliz que la cafeina que bebi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/02\/coffee6r.jpg\" width=\"1306\" height=\"980\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Acevedo, R., Fern\u00e1ndez, S., Zayas, C., Acosta, A., Sarmiento, M. E., Ferro, V. A., . . . Perez, J. L. (2014). Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles and Vaccine Applications. <em>Front Immunol, 5<\/em>. doi:10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00121<\/p>\n<p>10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00121.<\/p>\n<p>Bakuradze, T., Parra, G. A. M., Riedel, A., Somoza, V., Lang, R., Dieminger, N., . . . Richling, E. (2014). Four-week coffee consumption affects energy intake, satiety regulation, body fat, and protects DNA integrity. <em>Food Research International, 63<\/em>, 420-427. doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.05.032\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.05.032<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Birerdinc, A., Stepanova, M., Pawloski, L., &amp; Younossi, Z. M. (2011). Caffeine is protective in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. <em>Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 35<\/em>(1), 76-82. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04916.x<\/p>\n<p>10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04916.x. Epub 2011 Nov 7.<\/p>\n<p>Butt, M. S., &amp; Sultan, M. T. (2011). Coffee and its consumption: benefits and risks. <em>Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 51<\/em>(4), 363-373. doi:10.1080\/10408390903586412<\/p>\n<p>10.1080\/10408390903586412.<\/p>\n<p>Cano-Marquina, A., Tarin, J. J., &amp; Cano, A. (2013). The impact of coffee on health. <em>Maturitas, 75<\/em>(1), 7-21. doi:10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.02.002<\/p>\n<p>10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.02.002. Epub 2013 Mar 5.<\/p>\n<p>Cao, C., Loewenstein, D. A., Lin, X., Zhang, C., Wang, L., Duara, R., . . . Arendash, G. W. (2012). High Blood caffeine levels in MCI linked to lack of progression to dementia. <em>J Alzheimers Dis, 30<\/em>(3), 559-572. doi:10.3233\/jad-2012-111781<\/p>\n<p>10.3233\/JAD-2012-111781.<\/p>\n<p>Corley, J., Jia, X., Kyle, J. A., Gow, A. J., Brett, C. E., Starr, J. M., . . . Deary, I. J. (2009). Caffeine consumption and cognitive function at age 70: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. <em>Psychosom Med, 72<\/em>(2), 206-214. doi:10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181c92a9c<\/p>\n<p>10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181c92a9c. Epub 2009 Dec 7.<\/p>\n<p>Frary, C. D., Johnson, R. K., &amp; Wang, M. Q. (2005). Food sources and intakes of caffeine in the diets of persons in the United States. <em>J Am Diet Assoc, 105<\/em>(1), 110-113. doi:10.1016\/j.jada.2004.10.027<\/p>\n<p>10.1016\/j.jada.2004.10.027.<\/p>\n<p>Gaascht, F., Dicato, M., &amp; Diederich, M. (2015). Coffee provides a natural multitarget pharmacopeia against the hallmarks of cancer <em>Genes Nutr<\/em> (Vol. 10).<\/p>\n<p>Hashibe, M., Galeone, C., Buys, S. S., Gren, L., Boffetta, P., Zhang, Z. F., &amp; La Vecchia, C. (2015). Coffee, tea, caffeine intake, and the risk of cancer in the PLCO cohort <em>Br J Cancer<\/em> (Vol. 113, pp. 809-816).<\/p>\n<p>Hodgson, A. B., Randell, R. K., &amp; Jeukendrup, A. E. (2013). The Metabolic and Performance Effects of Caffeine Compared to Coffee during Endurance Exercise <em>PLoS One<\/em> (Vol. 8).<\/p>\n<p>Nieber, K. (2017). The Impact of Coffee on Health. <em>Planta Med, 83<\/em>(16), 1256-1263. doi:10.1055\/s-0043-115007<\/p>\n<p>10.1055\/s-0043-115007. Epub 2017 Jul 4.<\/p>\n<p>Pilipczuk, T., Kusznierewicz, B., Zieli\u0144ska, D., &amp; Bartoszek, A. (2015). The influence of roasting and additional processing on the content of bioactive components in special purpose coffees <em>J Food Sci Technol<\/em> (Vol. 52, pp. 5736-5744).<\/p>\n<p>Temple, J. L. (2009). Caffeine Use in Children: What we know, what we have left to learn, and why we should worry. <em>Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 33<\/em>(6), 793-806. doi:10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.01.001<\/p>\n<p>10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.01.001.<\/p>\n<p>Vignoli, J. A., Viegas, M. C., Bassoli, D. G., &amp; Benassi, M. d. T. (2014). Roasting process affects differently the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of arabica and robusta coffees. <em>Food Research International, 61<\/em>, 279-285. doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.06.006\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.06.006<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>10:00am, it\u2019s time for coffee break. You might have listen this sentence in the middle of your morning course or perhaps in between your afternoon course. You might have thought that having a coffee in your break would prevent you from falling asleep or maybe would increase your concentration. That&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":220,"featured_media":1464,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-student-life","category-tips-and-advice"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Do you want to have a coffee break? - International Students Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/2018\/04\/05\/want-coffee-break\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Do you want to have a coffee break? - International Students Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"10:00am, it\u2019s time for coffee break. 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I'm a 23 years old Spanish girl who is in love with sports and the sun. I love travelling and running wherever I am. You will find me for sure in Sport Centre de Bongerd as is probably my second house (both the gym and the bar). I did my biotechnology Bachelor in Valencia (Spain) and even though I liked it very much, I was still CURIOUS about how far it could go, and hence I decided to give a shot in The Netherlands and I came three years ago to do my erasmus. Then I came again for my Master's (Biotechnology &amp; Molecular Life Science). Synthetic Biology is my favorite field in Biotech, and exploring as much as possible in this field is my goal here. I would love to share my experiences as an international student to whoever is interested and of course I would be more than happy to solve all your questions :)","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/natalia-giner-laguarda-59510270\/"],"url":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/author\/giner001\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/220"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1440"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1747,"href":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440\/revisions\/1747"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1440"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weblog.wur.eu\/international-students\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}